Are You a Rebel? Or are You Just another Sheep following the Non-confor

Is it true that you are a Rebel? Or on the other hand would you say you are Just another Sheep following the Non-similarity Flock? â€Å"It resembles living outwardly of society and seeing what a vessel of poo it is, yet then moving toward it again with a comical inclination. That is to say, when you're ready to consider society to be such an out of control, entertaining dream, it makes it simpler to manage it on the grounds that there is no reasonable purpose to the way it works.† RuPaul, on periphery culture (Genre, March '99) Defiance. *It's tied in with articulating that little inward voice that is within each one of us, the voice which opposes being acclimatized into the mass similarity that is American culture. The nature of our communication has decreased so much that we scarcely perceive each other as human. The â€Å"American method of life† has wrecked our singularity while professing to take into account it, and the regular relationship of society has been undermined by the yells of broad communications and the desk area ranches they call working environments. We are for the most part preparing for some overwhelming crap, all around the globe. The elitists are assembling their senseless investment opportunity designs, the Pakistanis are throbbing for jihad against India, the significant names are investing more energy than at any other time to soak our way of life with Limp Bizkit bologna and kill Napster while they're grinding away. To me, it fits together like a riddle. It's totally relat ed. This is in excess of a grumbling about social contrasts. It's about human instinct. Stick around; I want to demonstrate this. The flower child and monstrosity swarms would have us accept than they are the sole bastions of non-similarity and acknowledgment left in America. They are most certainly not. I truly hate stories like Hans Christian Anderson's The Ugly Duckling. Not every odd one out transform into swans. A few of us transform into terrible ducks. We have to figure out how to acknowledge it, and to find that being a monstrous duck isn't generally fundamentally such terrible, on the grounds that going with the herd isn't generally the best or most fulfilling approach to go, regardless of whether it appears the simplest. I was never one who fit in with my companions. From the day I started school at five years old, clearly I was by one way or another not the same as the remainder of them. Since I was hyperactive, sort of bashful, and too savvy to ever be well known, I once in a while had numerous companions, and now and again got myself a subject of criticism, taunting, and altogether misuse. My first ploy, which went on for various years, was to endeavor to accommodate. This was very muc... ...tandards, however these principles were made by congruity. The association itself is some type of defiance. By being separated of that gathering, he adjusted to the â€Å"rebel’s† principles. A social development is a social development; be it flower child, skater punk, raver waste or something else. No one needs the entire world to live in harmony as one major glad family. It's in opposition to nature. We as a whole need to be the bottisavatta in the streaming robes who directs the gospel to the remainder of the world. What's more, that is not the manner in which things work. This world has victors and failures, nerds and well known children. Middle school rehashes itself until you are dead. So what's an agitator to do? I don't have the foggiest idea. Take a stab at perusing. Jack Kerouac isn't at present a top rated creator in light of his cool Gap khakis. A country of individuals didn't follow Lenin into just about 80 years of collectivist outlandishness in light of his natty goatee and lovable highlight. Or on the other hand take a stab at recollecting these straightforward principles: 1.) Rebellion is free. 2.) Rebellion doesn't come in six unique hues. 3.) Rebellion doesn't have a soundtrack and a film bargain underway. 4.) Rebellion isn't found in a puncturing store, tattoo parlor, sedate store, hash pipe or a Quentin Tarrantino film.

Of MIce and Men Naturalism free essay sample

Of Mice and Men is an acclaimed Naturalist work in American writing. Different components of Naturalism is displayed in this novel through its character types and story plot. Charles Darwin, an English Naturalist proposed a hypothesis called characteristic choice, implying that nature chooses the best adjusted assortments to endure and duplicate. Darwin likewise distinguished this hypothesis as natural selection. Steinbeck fused this conviction of characteristic choice in numerous examples all through Of Mice and Men utilizing characters and their conditions. One character named Candy has a physical issue and is old in age. They were driving elements in is dread of being jobless. His pooches mature age and futility additionally brought about its demise. Another character named Lennie has a psychological instability that caused inconveniences for George and himself which eventually prompted his demise. Darwins hypothesis natural selection is one of the critical components of Naturalism that is shown persistently all through Of Mice and Men. We will compose a custom exposition test on Of MIce and Men Naturalism or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A case of Naturalism in Of Mice and Men is when Candy solicits to be a section from George and Lennies fantasy about getting a farm. He catches George and Lennie discussing what their future will resemble on a homestead and he offers his offer to buy the ranch with them. Theyll can me purty soon. Jus when I cannot overwhelm out no bunkhouses theyll put me on the area wont have no spot to go, an I cannot get no more Jobsm (Steinbeck 60). Candy will in the end be jobless on the grounds that he will never again be required. He will be out of a vocation and have no place to go subsequently. Candys circumstance exhibits the Naturalist component of natural selection. Candy is attempting to make due after he is given up from the farm by making arrangements with George and Lennie. He isn't as valuable on the farm as he used to be. He will have no spot to return back to and he will be left solitary, with no Job. During the Great Depression, living was unforgiving and enduring was intense. Candys circumstance shows how troublesome it was during those occasions and it shows a sensible result of Candys predicament. Another case of Naturalism is the passing of Candys hound. Candys hound was old and wiped out with ailment. All the men prescribed to shoot the pooch since it would not be advantageous to anyone. He aint no decent to you, Candy. A he aint no decent to himself. Whynt you shoot him, Candy? You wouldnt think it to take a gander at him now, however he was the best damn sheep hound I ever seenm (Steinbeck 44). Candys hound was valuable in the past when he was a sheep herder. He was youthful and vigorous, however he began to age and was tainted by malady. Candys hound portrays normal determination in light of the fact that as his adequacy on the farm decays, the requirement for him diminishes too, bringing about an alternate pooch to have his spot. Candys hound couldn't persevere through the opposition since he didn't have the best adjusted assortments to endure. In this novel, Darwins theory of characteristic choice is exhibited through Lennies state of mind. His condition was an impetus for all the scrapes he caused for himself and George. Despite the fact that Lennie has a plenitude of physical force, he needs information and good judgment. Perhaps he aint brilliant, however I never observed such a laborer. He damn close executed his accomplice buckin grain. There aint no one can stay aware of him Sure hes Jes like a child. There aint no more damage in him than a child not one or the other, aside from hes so the fittest on the grounds that he neglects to have the most valuable attributes to make due in a merciless, unforgiving condition. Lennie has the comparative characteristics to a youngster; he is blameless and guileless, likes to pet delicate things, and requirements a dependable friend with parental characteristics. In a setting like the Great Depression, those characteristics would not empower an individual to endure. The Great Depression was a ruthless world and everyone was out for themselves. Lennie certainly would not have the option to bear this kind of setting, as he was not wise and he was simple. His psychological maladjustment and character are two significant parts to why he couldn't make due during the Great Depression. Darwins hypothesis natural selection basically implies the solid will remain and endure while the frail will be expelled and die. His conviction properly applied to every character circumstance. Candys mature age and futility on the farm was an admonition that he will be given up soon with no spot to go. Candys hound was slaughtered in light of the fact that he was debilitated and old. Lennies mental impairment drearily caused confusions and difficulties which eventually prompted his demise. Charles Darwins conviction of common choice, otherwise called natural selection is shown oftentimes through characters and their particular conditions. Sadly, these three characters in Steinbecks tale Of Mice and Men couldn't drive forward through all the hardships and hindrances and their lives closed in either demise or disappointment.

The communications media used in the educational system The WritePass Journal

The correspondences media utilized in the instructive framework 1. Official Summary The correspondences media utilized in the instructive framework 1. Official Summary2. Introductionâ 3. Communication3.1. One way correspondence and two way correspondence. 3.2. Verbal and non verbal 4. The methods for correspondence in the instructive system5. E-learning5.1. Mixed Learning5.2. Separation courses5.2.1 E-learning coordinated and offbeat 5.2.1.1Synchronous5.2.1.2. Asynchronous5.3. Favorable circumstances and drawbacks of e-learning contrasted with customary strategies 5.3.1. Advantages5.3.1.1. Diminishing the Impact on EnvironmentThere is no need of voyaging; bringing about decrease of contamination lessens the utilization of papers in this manner adding to the earth 5.3.1.2. Quality training affordable5.3.1.3. Comfort and adaptability for the understudy 5.3.2. DisadvantagesAccording Remenyi (2005), the three significant detriments identified with the E-learning is the absence of association among understudy and instructor, the absence of cooperation among understudies and the requirement for essential PC aptitudes. 5.3.2.1. Absence of association among understudy and educator 5.3.2.2. Absence of association between students5.3.2.3. Requirement for fundamental PC skills6. ConclusionRelated 1. Official Summary This report analyzes the methods for correspondence at colleges. A short meaning of correspondence will be given at first, trailed by a portrayal of the methods for correspondence presently utilized in colleges. The report at that point centers around e-picking up, inspecting the strategy and the mixed separation course. Inside the separation course will analyze the simultaneous and nonconcurrent strategy. So those will be introduced this vantage and detriment of e-learning contrasted with the conventional showing technique, being reasoned that the e-learning is fundamental to the instructive framework and suggested the usage of separation training at University of Westminster 2. Presentation The correspondences media utilized in the instructive framework has been enduring significant changes as of late. The conventional technique has been supplemented or even supplanted commonly by the present strategy where e-learning has been remarkable. E-learning can carry extraordinary advantages to the instructive framework, supplementing or being another alternative for the individuals who don't have the chance to go to the conventional strategy. The point of this report is to analyze the correspondence framework utilized on the instructive framework is extraordinary on advanced education, concentrating on the e-learning technique. Right off the bat, it will discuss the methods for correspondence, also the conventional showing strategy, third on the e-learning lastly will introduce the points of interest and disservices of e-learning contrasted with customary educating strategies.  3. Correspondence The meaning of Communication is given by Collins English Dictionary (2009) as the trading of data, thoughts or feeling.† Communication can be grouped and separated in various manners. As per Gallegher (2010), correspondence can be single direction or two way correspondence; verbal and non verbal, and furthermore says that the correspondence can be bury or intra correspondence. 3.1. One way correspondence and two way correspondence. One way correspondence happens when there is no criticism or cooperation during the correspondence. Two way correspondence happens when the beneficiary asks explanation and associates with the sender 3.2. Verbal and non verbal The verbal correspondence happens when there is the utilization of words and can be composed or spoken. Instances of composed correspondence are: papers, banners, promotions, books, while a few instances of spoken correspondence are: addresses, conversations, talks and introductions. Non-verbal correspondence utilizes different implies that isn't through composition or talking, for example, outward appearance and non-verbal communication. 4. The methods for correspondence in the instructive framework The methods for correspondence utilized in the instructive framework has experienced significant changes following the mechanical progression. As per An assessment of understudies, the conventional technique for instructing in the UK and in the greater part of the world is portrayed by single direction transmission from the talk to the understudy, which alludes to the instructor community model of educating, where data is transmitted to the understudies through the information on the educator, absent much by way of addressing by the understudy. Be that as it may, this strategy has been changed, and the point of the instructive framework has been supporting the exercises of understudies instead of basically pass on data.  According to Gibbs (1995:1) understudy focused technique, supports â€Å"learner action instead of lack of involvement; understudies understanding on the course, outside the organization and preceding the course, procedure and skill, as opposed to the substance wh ere key choices about learning are made by the understudy through arrangement with the educator . The development of this new technique for instructing has as a main consideration, the execution of e-learning by advanced education foundations. 5. E-learning As per Clarke (2004), E-learning is a general term that covers various strategies which share practically speaking the utilization of Information and Technology of correspondence, and might be as a supplement to a conventional course just as an online course where educators and understudies don't meet. The term e-learning is the aftereffect of a blend happening between the trainings with the assistance of innovation. The e-learning added new significance to apprenticeship and exploded the potential outcomes in scattering of information and data to understudies and, at a quick pace, opened up new skylines for the dissemination and sharing of information, making it additionally a type of democratization of information for the layers of the populace with access to new advancements, giving them the information accessible, whenever and anyplace. With the advancement of web innovation, the procedures of communication progressively turned into a reality, permitting to the understudy to have contact with information, with the instructor and different understudies, through the media mechanical 5.1. Mixed Learning This is another strategy that has been developing in prevalence, which depends on e-learning as a supplement to concentrates in the study hall. Clarke (2004:120), characterizes mixed learning as the coordination of e-learning approaches with increasingly customary methods†. For instance of this technique we can make reference to the Blackboard utilized by colleges. 5.2. Separation courses The preparation and constant refreshing of information and aptitudes of HR are currently a vital component to accomplish a successful and proficient execution. The utilization of data innovation and correspondence to the zone of preparing prompted the production of another method of apprenticeship: the separation course. As per Mealy and Loller (2000), Distance Education (DE) happens when instruction is given without the understudy and the establishment being on the equivalent physical area.  â â â â â â With the separation course the understudy starts to having the opportunity to learn at their own pace, with the help of a mentor, without losing the capacity to associate with other course members. 5.2.1 E-learning simultaneous and nonconcurrent 5.2.1.1Synchronous There are two particular methods for educating through separation learning: Synchronous and Asynchronous. Coordinated is when educator/guide and understudy/students are in exercise to a similar time. Can be refered to for instance of assets coordinated telephone, talk, video conferencing and web conferencing. Through web conferencing, the educator serves the classes and understudies can hear the substance transmitted by the instructor. In this manner, understudies may likewise pose inquiries and conversations. This is the model that most intently takes after the customary educating. The idea of homeroom is reached out to remove learning using technology.† Mealyâ and Loller (2000:20) 5.2.1.2. Nonconcurrent In nonconcurrent e-learning, instructor and understudies are not in class to a similar time. As indicated by Mealy and Loller (2000), the primary element of this technique is that the understudy can partake in the investigation plan that suits you. The instructor additionally isn't restricted to a particular timetable and can respond to questions or partake in conversations at various occasions of the understudy. The enormous distinction in nonconcurrent e-learning is that time is versatile giving more prominent adaptability to the understudies in their learning, research and study. 5.3. Favorable circumstances and weaknesses of e-learning contrasted with conventional strategies 5.3.1. Favorable circumstances As per Remenyi (2005), the three fundamental advantages of e-learning are: Reducing the effect on the earth, quality instruction moderate and Convenience and adaptability for the understudy 5.3.1.1. Decreasing the Impact on Environment There is no need of voyaging; bringing about reduction of contamination lessens the utilization of papers in this way adding to the earth 5.3.1.2. Quality training moderate Through e-learning, extraordinary educators can share their insight without physical obstructions, political, or monetary, in this way lessening the expense of instruction making it progressively reasonable, The understudy can learn at a regarded college, out of state or even nation, e-learning takes the social and physical hindrances by giving everybody a similar level 5.3.1.3. Accommodation and adaptability for the understudy The materials are progressively open, contingent upon the strategy, can be accessible 24 hours 7 days every week, with no requirement for change in way of life. The understudy has the chance to make a customized pace. 5.3.2. Detriments Agreeing Remenyi (2005), the three significant weaknesses identified with the E-learning is the absence of cooperation among understudy and instructor, the absence of association among understudies and the requirement for fundamental PC aptitudes. 5.3.2.1. Absence of communication among understudy and educator The coach has a higher trouble in making a decision about the degree of acknowledgment, understanding and reten

Gay Marriage Essay - 550 Words

Gay Marriage (Essay Sample) Content: Same Sex marriageNameUniversitySame Sex marriageIntroductionAll people deserve the rights that are offered by the state. Any person who pays taxes, abide by the law, serves the community must be afforded rights as citizens. However, not all people are afforded such rights. Same-sex couples are consistently denied such rights. Same-sex couples are denied their rights because of the sexual orientation. The discrimination against same-sex couples must stop because, just as heterosexual couples, they are law-abiding.One of the main issues that plague same-sex marriage is that they are denied the right to claim their partners social security after he or she has died (Baunach, 2012). Human Rights Campaign groups, which function to attain equal rights for same-sex couples are supporting the efforts to achieve survivor remuneration for domesticated partners. Presently, there are no programs, which offer same-sex couples benefits such as those offered for heterosexuals couples . Same sex marriages are not able to claim benefits of their deceased, despite the fact that they are all working citizens (Bernstein Taylor, 2013). Sadly, this leaves many same-sex couples with unsteady retirement, regardless of the fact that they pay survivor benefits. Same-sex couples lack of legal recognition affects them in many ways. The same-sex marriage argument is much deeper than whether or not they ought to reside together. If they pay taxes like the heterosexual couples, same-sex couples must be afforded the similar rights (Gill, 2012). In Baker v. Vermont, same-sex couples argued that they are denied protection of over 300 laws, as an effect of not being permitted to marry. As a result, the House of Representative of Vermont voted in favor of same-sex union bill. It is evident that Same-sex couples are not being perceived equally by law, and the initial steps of fixing this issue are just being taken (Rimmerman, 2014).The fight for homosexual couples is for legal and not religious recognition. Most people against same-sex marriages concur that they do not hate same-sex marriages; they just oppose their lifestyle because of their church affiliations and religious beliefs (Corvino Gallagher, 2012). The battle of same-sex couples to legalize their union is not to violate religious beliefs. Same-sex unions are to be acknowledged by the state and not by churches. Priest are not forced to conduct same-sex unions, it would be unjust for the state to decide what people should believe, such actions breach the freedom of religion (Corvino Gallagher, 2012). Nevertheless, this does not offer the state the right to discriminate against same-sex couples. Lawfully, the state and religion are supposed to be separate. Whether, same-sex unions must be legally recognized is not a religious question (Bernstein Taylor, 2013).ConclusionIt is essential to isolate religious issues and view the debate from a legal perspective. It is essential for the state to acknowl edge same-sex unions because all people in the society must be accorded similar rights reg...

Essay about Analysis of Macbeth and His Struggle for Power

In William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, there is a constant struggle for power by Macbeth that leads to many problems, not only for himself, but for the very nature of Scotland as well. While examining the play Macbeth, we will prove how Macbeth’s ambition for power will affect the natural order of the world and show how he is an unjust ruler. In the beginning of the play Macbeth, Macbeth was viewed as a righteous and brave man; and had helped his cousin the king in stopping a rebellious thane. In the next scene Macbeth and Banquo meet three witches that foretell Macbeth’s future by saying â€Å"All hail Macbeth! Thane of Glamis! All hail Macbeth Thane of Cawdor! All hail Macbeth that shalt be king after!† (I, iii, 51-53) After hearing†¦show more content†¦In the letter he tells her about the witches and their prophecy. Lady Macbeth, during this act, is far more ambitious than her husband Macbeth, and when he finally arrives back, she tries to convince Macbeth to kill Duncan for the crown. For she knows that Macbeth is â€Å"too full o’th’ milk of human kindness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (I, iv, 17) to do it by himself. In the argument, Macbeth, who has still not let ambition overtake him yet, is still a righteous and honorable man, and gives many explanations about how he can’t and won’t kill Duncan. In the quote by Machiavelli, it states that â€Å"For whereas in general the conspirator has to fear before the execution of his plot , in this case he has also to fear sequel to the crime; because on account of it he has the people for an enemy, and thus cannot hope for any escape† (XIX) Macbeth realizes this, for he knows that if he kills Duncan the fallout of the deed would not stop there and he would have to commit more crimes to cover it up, and by doing so he would lose the faith of the people and become an unjust ruler. However, Lady Macbeth does not know this, and she asks the spirits to ma ke her as evil and persuasive as possible, so she ends up asking them to â€Å"Come, you spirits, that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I, iv, 47-8) She asks this so she can better manipulate her husband’s mind in doing the act, which at the end of the Act I she successfully does. The act that finally convinces Macbeth to do this evil however, isShow MoreRelatedA Character Comparison of Macbeth and Prospero from Shakespeares Macbeth and The Tempest676 Words   |  3 PagesThese two Shakespearean characters, Macbeth and Prospero, from Macbeth and The Tempest can greatly compare to one another. From the very beginning, these two men are hard to understand and seem like your average warrior and ruler. Both of these characters are dealing with struggle of power; however, they both deal with this issue in different, interesting ways with different results. At the end of these two plays, we meet two entirely different characters than the ones that we were int roduced toRead MoreMacbeth-Struggle for Power999 Words   |  4 Pagesplay, Macbeth is ultimately about the struggle for power. Power is something many desire where people often change and become evil in their attempts to acquire it and during this play the characters go through many changes which lead to disaster. 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In your essay ensure that you specifically refer to each of texts including quotes and analysis. â€Å"Political Power grows out of the Barrel of a Gun† The idea of power and especially political power has its manyRead MoreAnalysis Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1659 Words   |  7 PagesHonors 9 November 2015 Macbeth Essay The theme of tragedy appears in various amounts of movies, literature, and plays which provided entertainment for people throughout the years. Movies and plays such as â€Å"The Titanic† and â€Å"Romeo Juliet† gave audiences a pang of sadness and amusement as the story line unraveled. Notably, the prevalence of the theme occurs in Shakespearean plays such as the tale of Macbeth which displays Aristotle’s definition of tragedy. The play Macbeth lives up to Aristotle’sRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s Tragedy of Macbeth, the answer to this question is played out. 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The witches, as well as other significant characters, may have encouraged Macbeth to act in a certainRead MoreShakespeares Novel Macbeth1577 Words   |  7 Pagesif no one felt guilt? If no one ever caught caught for their crimes? In Shakespeares novel, Macbeth, the main characters commit crimes driven by their ambition. After committing the firs t crime Macbeth, the main antagonist is overwhelmed with guilt. His wife, Lady Macbeth plotted the first crime and was the main force pushing Macbeth to kill. In the end Macbeth is charged with the truth and Lady Macbeth kills herself both brought down equally from guilt. Guilt and fear of being found out causesRead MoreWhy Macbeth Killed Duncan1457 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Why Macbeth Kills Duncan. Thought to have been composed by William Shakespeare between 1606-1607 Macbeth is the final of his four famous ‘tragedies’ which are literary works depicting a tragic hero, who becomes engaged in a moral struggle that ends in ruin. Macbeth is rarely mentioned in the theatrical world by its eponymous title, as it is considered to be unlucky, hence the reason it is often known as ‘The Scottish Tragedy’. The play is said to have been written by Shakespeare forRead MoreIn History It Is Often Taught That Even Events That Occurred1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Global Theatre on the outskirts of London. First performed in 1606, Shakespeare’s play Macbeth tells the story of a Scottish man named Macbeth who is in a constant struggle in wishing to obtain power but consequences that could potentially follow. Through violence and a push from his wife, Macbeth makes it to power before facing an unexpected death. By commenting and judging on the qualities of Mac beth, readers can gain insight as to why Shakespeare wrote the play in the manner that he did.Read MoreMacbeth1388 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth: Character Analysis The Tragedy of Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is about a soldier, Macbeth, and his friend, Banquo, who meet up with three strange witches who share prophecies with the two men. Macbeth is told that he will become king someday and rule the land of Scotland. The rest of the play follows the actions of once a loyal soldier turned into a greedy king, who seeks to hold the crown forever no matter what the consequences may be. Throughout the play Macbeth displays himself

What Does Success Mean For Success - 941 Words

What Does Success Mean To You? Albert Schweitzer once stated, â€Å"Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful†. If you ask different people what success is to them, you would most likely get a variety of definitions. Some might say that success has commenced when one has finally gotten that $200,000 dream car in one’s garage. Others might say that their belief of success has established when one has found true happiness in life. Someone could be extremely wealthy, but at the same time, extremely destroyed and confused inside. Would you still consider this success? Success can be interpreted in several different ways. However, true success should not only be based upon wealth and materialistic goods, but rather on bliss and contentment. One’s dream of success might consist of a million dollar house, fancy sports cars, and lots of fame. However, that dream might also abide with low spirits, physical/mental pain, loneliness, and misery. Perhaps you may know or have heard of someone that is filthy rich, but is that someone perfectly at ease with life? Or is that someone who has to fake a smile to get through the day? Does that person love what they do for a living or does that person dread waking up every morning to get ready for work? Most likely all of you are familiar with the name Marilyn Monroe. The famous actress and model starred in films such as The Misfits and The Seven Year Itch. She may beShow MoreRelatedWhat is Success?822 Words   |  3 Pages Success is defined as the accomplishments of one’s goals. Winning is defined as gaining the victory of something. 1 out of 14,000 people become professional athletes. 58% of students become successful after leaving college and pursuing a job. Often ti mes, winning as a professional athlete isn’t as fulfilling as being successful in everyday life. 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Changing Geography of Banking and Finance

Question: Discuss about the Changing Geography of Banking and Finance. Answer: Introduction This chapter consist of a thorough review of the existing literatures compiled by the renowned scholars on the subject matter of analysis of the financial statements of the banks. The primary focus of this chapter will be the discussion on the author views about the financial development of the banking system in Australia and Canada. In order to get a detailed conceptual and theoretical foundation for the research, it is essential to review and analyze the existing literatures. The views of authors provide support to the conclusions drawn from the data analysis, thus, carrying out literature review is a crucial exercise in the overall research work (Jesson, 2011). In the context developed above, a literature review has been carried out with an objective to find out and analyse the views of the existing literatures on analysis of the financial statements of the banks. In order to make it simple and understandable, the entire discussion of this chapter has been segregated into five major headings. The first heading covers discussion on comparison of the financial statements of the banks. The second heading covers accounting procedures and ratio analysis used by the banks in analysing their financial performance. Further, the discussion has been extended to contribution of Westpac banking corporation in the development of the Australian economy. Apart from the above, the literature review also covers discussion on the contribution of Bank of Montreal in the economic development of Canada. The chapter of literature review has been ended up with discussion on the types of services provided by the banks their contribution in the overall development of the country followed by conclusion. The hypothesis of this literature review is to test that whether the banking system plays a critical role in the development of the economy of the country or not. In order to test this hypothesis, the two major banks operating in Australia and Canada, USA have been analysed. Comparing Financial Statements of Banks In the views of Follett (2011), the comparison of financial statement of two organizations with each other is crucial in assessing the financial performance and position. The major components of the financial statements comprises of balance sheet, profit and loss statement and cash flow statement. Comparing profit and loss statement provides evaluation of the financial performance while comparison of the balance sheet is crucial to assess the financial position (Follett, 2011). However, it is important to note that two things must be comparable that is the base should be equal. In the case of comparison of the financial statements, it should be kept in mind that the financial statements of two companies operating in different countries would be different (Follett, 2011). As per Pounder (2009), the financial statements are prepared as per the instruction provided in the financial reporting framework prescribed in a particular country, for example, companies in USA follow US GAAP (general accepted accounting principles) and IFRS while in Australia, the companies prepare financial statements based on Australian GAAP along with due consideration to IFRS (Pounder, 2009). Pounder (2009) further states that the differences in the financial reporting frameworks of two countries make the figures in the financial statements incomparable. Thus, in order make it comparable, there should be used analytical tools such as ratio analysis, vertical analysis, horizontal analysis and trend analysis (Pounder, 2009). As per Greuning and Iqbal (2008), the income statement of two banks operating in two different countries could be better analyzed by performing common size analysis. In this analysis, every item of the income statement is presented as a percentage to the net sales. Taking the items as a percentage of net sales provides a common base which can be use for comparison purposes. Greuning and Iqbal (2008) further states that common size analysis is not only useful in analyzing the income statement but it can also be used in analyzing the balance sheet (Greuning and Iqbal, 2008). As per Tracy (2012), financial analysis is crucial in determining the financial health of the company. The four core areas of business such as profitability, liquidity, efficiency, and solvency are analyzed using the information provided in the financial statements. Further, it is essential to know that where the company stands in the market place. The analysis of the financial statements through ratio analysis and comparison with the competitors and the industry averages provides evaluation of the standing of company (Tracy, 2012). Since, the banking system plays a pivotal role in the economy development of a country; therefore, it becomes important to analyze the financial performance of banks to have a glimpse of economy soundness in the country. Accounting Procedures and Ratio Analysis Used by Banks As per Pounder (2009), the accounting procedures are the policies, provisions and rules that guide the preparation of the financial statements of the companies. As has been stated by Pounder (2009), two companies operating in different countries follow different accounting procedures and policies. Due to different accounting policies and procedures being followed, the figures in the financial statements tend to differ (Pounder, 2009). In comparing the financial statements of two companies, particular when two are situated in different countries, it is essential to make the base equal. This can be achieved by applying various analytical tools as discussed in above section. The ratio analysis is also one of those tools which are applied to make the base equal for comparison purposes (Tracy, 2012). In the view of (Tracy, 2012), generally, the ratio analysis covers major areas of financial analysis such as profitability, liquidity, efficiency, and solvency. The leading profitability ratios comprise of net margin, gross margin, return on equity and return on assets. Further, the liquidity ratios, which indicate sufficiency or lack of funds, comprise of current ratio and quick ratio. The ratios such as assets turnover, accounts receivable days, and inventory turnover days indicate the management efficiency in conducting the business operations. Last but not the least; solvency aspect is covered by the ratio such as debt equity ratio and interest times (Tracy, 2012). Solvency depicts capability of the company to pay off long term debt on the due date. However, in the views of Golin and Delhaise (2013), the financial analysis of banks requires special attention to the areas such as liquidity and capital adequacy. For this purpose, CAMELS Rating System, being recognized worldwide, is considered useful. Six crucial factors such as capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity, and sensitivity are analyzed in CAMELS Rating System. These six factors cover the business of banks from end to end and provide a comprehensive analysis of the financial performance and position. Therefore, CAMELS Rating System is an added tool that is used by the banks and rating agencies in analyzing financial performance (Golin and Delhaise, 2013). As per Golin and Delhaise (2013), capital adequacy ratio is computed to evaluate that the bank possesses enough capital to pay off the public deposits and absorb the potential losses. The capital adequacy ratio is computed by dividing the tier-1 and tier-2 capital with risk weighted assets possessed by the bank. The regulations prescribe minimum capital adequacy ratio which the banks operating in that country have to comply with. Further, the CAMELS system provides for measurement of the assets quality, which is carried by computing ratios such as non-performing loans (NPLs) to total loans and NPLs to total equity (Golin and Delhaise, 2013). The earning ability is analyzed by computing ratios such as net interest income margin, cost to income ratio, and return on assets. Further, the assessment of quality of management is also crucial which is carried out by computing total assets growth, loan growth, and earnings growth. The liquidity is a major concern for any business. It is measured by computing and analyzing the ratio such as Customer deposits to total assets and total loan to customer deposits (LTD) (Golin and Delhaise, 2013). Contribution of Westpac Banking Corporation in Australia Petkovski and Kjosevski (2014), has stated based in their research work that the financial sector which includes bank also pays a crucial role in the overall economic growth and development. The banks and capital market are the foundation of every economy. Further, it is perceived that the role of banking and finance sector has increased even more in the recent years in all the countries across the globe. The macro economic factors such as gross domestic product, interest rates, and inflation are the majorly affected by the banking industry (Petkovski and Kjosevski, 2014). Considering these facts, it is essential to analyze the contribution made by one of the Australias largest banks namely Westpac Banking Corporation in the economic development. Westpac Banking Corporation is among the top banks operating in Australia. Primarily, the bank operates in Australia and New Zealand providing a wide range of services in the areas of retail banking, institutional and commercial banking, and wealth management. Westpac is one of the oldest banks in Australia engaged in business since the year 1817 (Westpac, 2016). The bank has grown significantly over the years causing positive impact on the overall economy of Australia. In the year 2014, the company possessed total assets worth A$770 million which shows that significance of the company in the economic development (KangaNews, 2015). At present the Westpac group operates in five segments such as consumer bank, business bank, BT financial group, Westpac institutional bank, and Westpac New Zealand. The group has enlarged its size manifold in the recent years. Its consumer bank segment operates with 1429 (Westpac, 2016) branches which depicts its significant contribution to the economic growth. Further, Westpac New Zealand also has grown substantially to have 193 branches in operation (Westpac, 2016). The groups revenues have been observed to be increasing at a rapid pace in the recent few years. In the year 2012, the revenues of Westpac group were A$16,771 million, which grew to A$20,889 million in the year 2015. The increase in revenues shows that Westpac has contributed to the gross domestic product of the company significantly. Further, the group has also contributed to the social development by providing employment to the people at a large scale. In the year 2014, the core full time employees of the group were 33,586 (Westpac, 2014), which show significant contribution of the group in the social development in Australia. Contribution of Bank of Montreal in Canada In the views of Goodhart (2004), a sound banking system helps the economy to grow by driving the growth path. Every facet of the economy, for example, productivity, inflation, exports and imports, social development are dependent to a lot extent on the soundness of the banking system (Goodhart, 2004). As per the report of Canadian Bankers Association, the banking and finance and insurances sector contribute approximately 10.30% directly to the gross domestic product (Canadian Banking Association, 2016). In addition to this, the banking and insurance sector also provides employment to the people at a large scale in Canada, which is its indirect contribution to the economic development. Bank of Montreal, one of the oldest banks of Canada, was established late in the year 1817 (BMO, 2016). The banks grow substantially over the years to provide diversified financial services mainly in the North American region. As per the annual report of the company, there are 45,234 full time employees working with the company and its subsidiaries (BMO, 2016). The size of employees depicts that the bank contributes towards the social development of the country significantly. Further, it has also made direct contributions to the gross domestic product of the country by increasing the productivity levels. The growth in revenues indicates the increased productivity of the company and its increased contribution to the gross domestic product of the country. In the year 2014, the total revenues of the company along with its subsidiaries amounted to $10,997 million, which went up to $12,575 million in the year 2016 (BMO, 2016). Types of Services Provided by the Banks Alessandrini, Fratianni, and Zazzaro, (2009), State that the banking system has gone under changes in the recent years all around the world. It has been observed that the banks have incorporated in their service portfolio, the new and modern services besides the conventional services of accepting deposits and lending money. Now the services provided by the banks extend to the investment banking and portfolio advisory areas (Alessandrini, Fratianni, and Zazzaro, 2009). In respect of Westpac Banking Corporation, it could be observed that the bank started with simply accepting public deposits and lending money. However, at present the company operates through five segments such as consumer bank, business bank, BT Financial group, Westpac institutional bank, and Westpac New Zealand. Through these five segments, the bank provides a wide range of services to its customers. Few of the leading services provided by the bank include accepting deposit under saving account and term deposits, extending loan under personal loan, home loan, and investment loan. Apart from this, the bank also provides the services of credit card, ATM, Bank guarantee, and investment and financial advisory. Further, the bank also deals with foreign exchange transactions, leasing services, and merchant banking services. Thus, the service portfolio of the bank has grown to a substantial level. In the same way, Bank of Montreal has also modified its service portfolio, now the bank has added services such as cash management, foreign exchange, wealth management, and investment advisory to its service portfolio. Further, the bank has brought out new products for the commercial customers, for example, bank guarantee and bill discounting. Conclusion: The discussion in this chapter is built up on the views of the existing literatures on the subject matter of contribution of the banks in the development of the economy. From the discussion carried out in this chapter, it could be articulated that the banking system is foundation of the economy. The economy can not be viewed as growing in the absence of a sound banking system. The literature review of the existing literatures reveals that the banking system plays a pivotal role in the overall development of the economy. In Canada, the banking and finance and insurance sector contributes approximately 10.30% to the gross domestic product of the country, which indicates its role and importance in the economic development. Apart from this, the literature review also covers discussion on the services provided by the banks. From the discussion carried out in this regard, it could be articulated that the service portfolio of the banks have increased substantially in the recent years. The banks have now jumped from providing services on the conventional model to the modern model. The modern model provides for inclusion of more services beside accepting public deposits and lending money to the public. The views of the authors in this regard depicts that the banks have shifted their focus from conventional banking to modern banking, which includes investment banking and advisory services, foreign exchange services, and commercial services such as bank guarantee and leasing. References Alessandrini, P., Fratianni, M., and Zazzaro, A. 2009. The Changing Geography of Banking and Finance. Springer Science Business Media. BMO. 2016. History of Bank of Montreal. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bmo.com/home/about/banking/corporate-information/history [Accessed on: 13 December 2016]. BMO. 2016. Managements Discussion and Analysis. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bmo.com/ir/files/F16%20Files/2016MDA.pdf [Accessed on: 13 December 2016]. BMO. 2016. Statement of Managements Responsibility for Financial Information. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bmo.com/ir/files/F16%20Files/2016CFS.pdf [Accessed on: 13 December 2016]. Canadian Banking Association. 2016. Issues Brief: Banks and the Economy. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cba.ca/contributing-to-the-economy [Accessed on: 13 December 2016]. Follett, R. 2011. How to Keep Score in Business: Accounting and Financial Analysis for the Non-Accountant. FT Press. Golin, J. and Delhaise, P. 2013. The Bank Credit Analysis Handbook: A Guide for Analysts, Bankers and Investors. John Wiley Sons. Goodhart, C. 2004. Financial Development and Economic Growth: Explaining the Links. Springer. Greuning, H.V. and Iqbal, Z. 2008. Risk Analysis for Islamic Banks. World Bank Publications. Jesson, J. (2011). Doing Your Literature Review: Traditional and Systematic Techniques. London: SAGE. KangaNews. 2015. Incorporating Australian Securitization and Covered Bond. Australian Securitization Journal, 8(2015), pp. 1-53. Petkovski, M. and Kjosevski, J. 2014. Does banking sector development promote economic growth? An empirical analysis for selected countries in Central and South Eastern Europe. Journal of Economic Research, 27(1), pp. 55-66. Pounder, B. 2009. Convergence Guidebook for Corporate Financial Reporting. John Wiley Sons. Tracy, A. 2012. Ratio Analysis Fundamentals: How 17 Financial Ratios Can Allow You to Analyze Any Business on the Planet. RatioAnalysis.net. Westpac. 2014. Annual Report of Westpac Group. [Online]. Available at: https://vpr.hkma.gov.hk/doc/100167/ar_14/ar_14_eng.pdf [Accessed on: 13 December 2016]. Westpac. 2016. Our Business. [Online]. Available at: https://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/westpac-group/company-overview/our-businesses/ [Accessed on: 13 December 2016]. Westpac. 2016. Our History. [Online]. Available at: https://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/westpac-group/company-overview/our-history/ [Accessed on: 13 December 2016].